ART.PERDIX.SPACE
Home
Artists
Museums
Subjects
Movements
search
Jacob Lawrence
1917
—
2000
African American painter and art professor (1917-2000)
map
Show on map
Works
Frederick Douglass listened to William Lloyd Garrison denounce slavery
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
Although the Negro was used to lynching he found this an opportune time for him to leave where one had occurred
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
Among one of the last groups to leave the South was the Negro professional who was forced to follow his clientele to make a living
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
Among the social conditions that existed which was partly the cause of the migration was the injustice done to the Negroes in the courts
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
And people all over the South began to discuss this great movement
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
And the migrants kept coming
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
Another of the social causes of the migrants' leaving was that at times they did not feel safe or it was not the best thing to be found on the streets late at night. They were arrested on the slightest provocation
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
Child labor and a lack of education was one of the other reasons for people wishing to leave their homes
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
Housing for the Negroes was a very difficult problem
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
In every home people who had not gone North met and tried to decide if they should go North or not
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
In many of the communities the Negro press was read continually because of its attitude and its encouragement of the movement
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
In the North the Negro had better educational facilities
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
Industries attempted to board their labor in quarters that were oftentimes very unhealthy. Labor camps were numerous
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
Living conditions were better in the North
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
migrants arrived in great numbers
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
migration gained in momentum
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
Negro press was also influential in urging the people to leave the South
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
Negro was the largest source of labor to be found after all others had been exhausted
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
One of the largest race riots occurred in East St. Louis
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
One of the main forms of social and recreational activities in which the migrants indulged occurred in the church
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
Race riots were very numerous all over the North because of the antagonism that was caused between the Negro and white workers. Many of these riots occurred because the Negro was used as a strike breaker in many of the Northern industries
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
railroad stations in the South were crowded with people leaving for the North
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
railroad stations were at times so over-packed with people leaving that special guards had to be called in to keep order
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
The labor agent who had been sent South by Northern industry was a very familiar person in the Negro counties
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 11: Food had doubled in price because of the war.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 13: The crops were left to dry and rot. There was no one to tend them.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 15: There were lynchings.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 17: Tenant farmers received harsh treatment at the hands of planters.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 19: There had always been discrimination.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 1: During World War I there was a great migration north by southern African Americans.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 21: Families arrived at the station very early. They did not wish to miss their trains north.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 23: The migration spread.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 25: They left their homes. Soon some communities were left almost empty.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 27: Many men stayed behind until they could take their families north with them.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 29: The labor agent recruited unsuspecting laborers as strike breakers for northern industries.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 31: The migrants found improved housing when they arrived north.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 33: Letters from relatives in the North told of the better life there.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 35: They left the South in great numbers. They arrived in the North in great numbers.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 37: Many migrants found work in the steel industry.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 39: Railroad platforms were piled high with luggage.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 3: From every southern town migrants left by the hundreds to travel north.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 41: The South was desperate to keep its cheap labor. Northern labor agents were jailed or forced to operate in secrecy.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 43: In a few sections of the South leaders of both Black and White communities met to discuss ways of making the South a good place to live.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 45: The migrants arrived in Pittsburgh, one of the great industrial centers of the North.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 47: As the migrant population grew, good housing became scarce.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 49: They found discrimination in the North. It was a different kind.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 51: African Americans seeking to find better housing attempted to move into new areas. This resulted in the bombing of their new homes.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 53: African American, long-time residents of northern cities met the migrants with aloofness and disdain.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 55: The migrants, having moved suddenly into a crowded and unhealthy environment, soon contracted tuberculosis. The death rate rose.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 57: The female workers were the last to arrive north.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 59: In the North they had the freedom to vote.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 5: Migrants were advanced passage on the railroads, paid for by northern industry. Northern industry was to be repaid by the migrants out of their future wages.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 7: The migrant, whose life had been rural and nurtured by the earth, was now moving to urban life dependent on industrial machinery.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
The Migration Series, Panel no. 9: They left because the boll weevil had ravaged the cotton crop.
Jacob Lawrence
The Phillips Collection
zoom_in
info
They also made it very difficult for migrants leaving the South. They often went to railroad stations and arrested the Negroes wholesale which in turn made them miss their train.
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
They also worked in large numbers on the railroad
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
They arrived in great numbers into Chicago the gateway of the West
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
They did not always leave because they were promised work in the North. Many of them left because of Southern conditions one of them being great floods that ruined the crops and therefore they were unable to make a living where they were
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
They were very poor
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
trains were packed continually with migrants
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
World War had caused a great shortage in Northern industry and also citizens of foreign countries were returning home
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
1937
Junk
Jacob Lawrence
Museum of Fine Arts Boston
zoom_in
info
1938
Blind Beggars
Jacob Lawrence
Metropolitan Museum of Art
zoom_in
info
1938
Untitled
Jacob Lawrence
Indianapolis Museum of Art
zoom_in
info
1940
Migration Series
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
1941
Bar and Grill
Jacob Lawrence
Smithsonian American Art Museum
zoom_in
info
1941
Pool Parlor
Jacob Lawrence
Metropolitan Museum of Art
zoom_in
info
1942
Firewood #55
Jacob Lawrence
Smithsonian American Art Museum
zoom_in
info
1942
The Photographer
Jacob Lawrence
Metropolitan Museum of Art
zoom_in
info
1943
Going to Work
Jacob Lawrence
Buffalo AKG Art Museum
zoom_in
info
1944
Captain Skinner
Jacob Lawrence
Smithsonian American Art Museum
zoom_in
info
1945
Seaman's Belt
Jacob Lawrence
Buffalo AKG Art Museum
zoom_in
info
1945
The Shoemaker
Jacob Lawrence
Metropolitan Museum of Art
zoom_in
info
1946
Juke Box
Jacob Lawrence
Detroit Institute of Arts
zoom_in
info
1946
New Jersey, from the United States Series
Jacob Lawrence
Smithsonian American Art Museum
zoom_in
info
1946
War Series: Another Patrol
Jacob Lawrence
Whitney Museum of American Art
zoom_in
info
1946
War Series: The Letter
Jacob Lawrence
Whitney Museum of American Art
zoom_in
info
1947
Children at Play
Jacob Lawrence
Georgia Museum of Art
zoom_in
info
1947
Migration
Jacob Lawrence
M. H. de Young Memorial Museum
zoom_in
info
1947
War Series: Alert
Jacob Lawrence
Whitney Museum of American Art
zoom_in
info
1947
War Series: Beachhead
Jacob Lawrence
Whitney Museum of American Art
zoom_in
info
1947
War Series: Casualty - The Secretary of War Regrets
Jacob Lawrence
Whitney Museum of American Art
zoom_in
info
1947
War Series: Docking - Cigarette, Joe?
Jacob Lawrence
Whitney Museum of American Art
zoom_in
info
1947
War Series: Going Home
Jacob Lawrence
Whitney Museum of American Art
zoom_in
info
1947
War Series: How Long?
Jacob Lawrence
Whitney Museum of American Art
zoom_in
info
1947
War Series: On Leave
Jacob Lawrence
Whitney Museum of American Art
zoom_in
info
1947
War Series: Prayer
Jacob Lawrence
Whitney Museum of American Art
zoom_in
info
1947
War Series: Purple Hearts
Jacob Lawrence
Whitney Museum of American Art
zoom_in
info
1947
War Series: Reported Missing
Jacob Lawrence
Whitney Museum of American Art
zoom_in
info
1947
War Series: Shipping Out
Jacob Lawrence
Whitney Museum of American Art
zoom_in
info
1947
War Series: Victory
Jacob Lawrence
Whitney Museum of American Art
zoom_in
info
1948
Ambulance Call
Jacob Lawrence
Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art
zoom_in
info
1948
Flower Woman
Jacob Lawrence
Yale University Art Gallery
zoom_in
info
1948
The Wedding
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
1952
Ventriloquist
Jacob Lawrence
Harvard Art Museums
zoom_in
info
1954
Struggle Series - No. 10: Washington Crossing the Delaware
Jacob Lawrence
Metropolitan Museum of Art
zoom_in
info
1955
We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility... --17 September 1787
Jacob Lawrence
Harvard Art Museums
zoom_in
info
1957
Café Comedian
Jacob Lawrence
Museum of Fine Arts Boston
zoom_in
info
1958
"Men exist for the sake of one another. Teach them then or bear with them."--Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Meditations, VIII:59. From the series Great Ideas of Western Man.
Jacob Lawrence
Smithsonian American Art Museum
zoom_in
info
1958
Fulton and Nostrand
Jacob Lawrence
Cleveland Museum of Art
zoom_in
info
1958
The Visitors
Jacob Lawrence
Dallas Museum of Art
zoom_in
info
1959
Fruits and Vegetables
Jacob Lawrence
Cincinnati Art Museum
zoom_in
info
1959
The Brown Angel
Jacob Lawrence
Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
zoom_in
info
1960
The Library
Jacob Lawrence
Smithsonian American Art Museum
zoom_in
info
1963
Taboo
Jacob Lawrence
zoom_in
info
1967
Daybreak - A Time to Rest
Jacob Lawrence
National Gallery of Art
zoom_in
info
1967
Dream Series #5: The Library
Jacob Lawrence
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
zoom_in
info
1968
General Ojukwu
Jacob Lawrence
National Portrait Gallery
zoom_in
info
1970
Jesse Jackson
Jacob Lawrence
National Portrait Gallery
zoom_in
info
1971
Builders No. 1
Jacob Lawrence
Birmingham Museum of Art
zoom_in
info
1971
Study for the Munich Olympic Games Poster
Jacob Lawrence
Seattle Art Museum
zoom_in
info
1976
"In a free government, the security of civil rights must be the same as that for religious rights. It consists in the one case in the multiplicity of interests, and in the other, in the multiplicity of sects."--James Mad
Jacob Lawrence
Smithsonian American Art Museum
zoom_in
info
1976
Dreams No. 2
Jacob Lawrence
Smithsonian American Art Museum
zoom_in
info
1977
The Studio
Jacob Lawrence
Seattle Art Museum
zoom_in
info
1986
Community (study for mural, Jamaica, NY)
Jacob Lawrence
Smithsonian American Art Museum
zoom_in
info
1994
Supermarket Flora
Jacob Lawrence
San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
zoom_in
info
